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- <h3 class="title"><a id="gimp-selection"></a>4.4. The Selection</h3>
- </div>
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- <p>
- Often when you operate on an image, you only want part of it to be
- affected. In Gimp, you make this happen by
- <span class="emphasis"><em>selecting</em></span> that part. Each image has a
- <span class="emphasis"><em>selection</em></span> associated with it. Most, but not
- all, Gimp operations act only on the selected portions of the
- image.
- </p>
- <p>
- </p>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/fog-tree-example.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- How would you isolate the tree?
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- There are many, many situations where creating just the right
- selection is the key to getting the result you want, and often it
- is not very easy to do. For example, in the image to the right,
- suppose I want to cut the tree out from its background, and paste
- it into a different image. In order to do this, I need to create
- a selection that contains the tree and nothing but the tree. It
- is difficult because the tree has a very complex shape, and in
- several spots is hard to distinguish from the objects behind it.
- </p>
- <p>
- </p>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/select-outline.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Selection shown as usual with dashed line
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- Now here is a very important point, and it is crucial to
- understand this. Ordinarily when you create a selection, you see
- it as a dashed line enclosing a portion of the image. The idea
- you could get from this is that the selection is a sort of
- container, with the selected parts of the image inside, and the
- unselected parts outside. This concept of the selection is okay
- for many purposes, but it is not really correct.
- </p>
- <p>
- Actually the selection is implemented as a
- <span class="emphasis"><em>channel</em></span>. In terms of its internal structure,
- it is identical to the red, green, blue, and alpha channels of an
- image. Thus, the selection has a value defined at each pixel of
- the image, ranging between 0 (unselected) and 255 (fully
- selected). The advantage of this approach is that it allows some
- pixels to be <span class="emphasis"><em>partially selected</em></span>, by giving
- them intermediate values between 0 and 255. As you will see,
- there are many situations where it is desirable to have smooth
- transitions between selected and unselected regions.
- </p>
- <p>
- What, then, is the dashed line that appears when you create a
- selection?
- </p>
- <p>
- It is a <span class="emphasis"><em>contour line</em></span>, dividing areas that are
- more than half selected from areas that are less than half
- selected.
- </p>
- <p>
- </p>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/select-outline-qmask.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Same selection in QuickMask mode
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- You should always bear in mind, when looking at the dashed line
- that represents the selection, that it only tells you part of the
- story. If you want to see the selection in complete detail, the
- easiest way is to click the QuickMask button in the lower left
- corner of the image window. This causes the selection to be shown
- as a translucent overlay atop the image. Selected areas are
- unaffected; unselected areas are reddened. The more completely
- selected an area is, the less red it appears.
- </p>
- <p>
- QuickMask mode, and its uses, are described in detail below.
- Meanwhile, if you are following this discussion by trying things
- out in Gimp, you should know that many operations work differently
- in QuickMask mode, so go ahead and toggle it off again for now (by
- clicking the QuickMask button once more).
- </p>
- <p><b>Feathering. </b>
- </p>
- <div class="informalfigure">
- <div class="mediaobject">
- <img src="../images/using/select-outline-qmask-feather.png" />
- <div class="caption">
- <p>
- Same selection in QuickMask mode after feathering
- </p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>
- With the default settings, the basic selection tools, such as the
- Rectangle Select tool, create sharp selections. Pixels inside the
- dashed line are fully selected, and pixels outside completely
- unselected. You can verify this by toggling QuickMask: you see a
- clear rectangle with sharp edges, surrounded by uniform red. In the
- Tool Options, however, is a checkbox called "Feather". If you enable
- this, the tool will instead create graduated selections. The feather
- radius, which you can adjust, determines the distance over which the
- transition occurs.
- </p>
- <p>
- If you are following along, try this out with the Rectangle Select
- tool, and then toggle QuickMask. You will now see that the
- clear rectangle has a fuzzy edge.
- </p>
- <p>
- Feathering is particularly useful when you are cutting and
- pasting, in helping the pasted object to blend smoothly and
- unobtrusively with its surroundings.
- </p>
- <p>
- Actually, it is possible to feather a selection at any time, even
- if it was originally created as a sharp selection. You can do
- this from the image menu, by choosing
- <span class="guimenu">Select</span>-><span class="guimenuitem">Feather</span>.
- This brings up a dialog that allows you to set the feather
- radius. You can do the opposite--sharpen a graduated
- selection into an all-or-nothing selection--by choosing
- <span class="guimenu">Select</span>-><span class="guimenuitem">Sharpen</span>.
- </p>
- <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
- <table border="0" summary="Note">
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- <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
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- </td>
- <th align="left">Note</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top">
- <p>
- For technically oriented readers: feathering works by applying a
- Gaussian blur to the selection channel, with the specified
- blurring radius.
- </p>
- </td>
- </tr>
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